VOA慢速英语单词手册（H－Q）

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VOA Special English BASIC VOCABULARY H--Q H half - n. one of two equal parts of something halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered hat - n. a head cover hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love have - v. to possess; to own; to hold he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid here - ad. in, to or at this place hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force hill - n. a small mountain history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past hit - v. to strike; to touch with force hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event holy - ad. greatly honored in religion home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.") hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives") how - ad. in what way; to what amount however - conj. yet; but huge - ad. very big; of great size human - ad. of or about people humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh hunger - n. the need for food hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find hurry - v. to do or go fast hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage husband - n. a man who is married ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I ice - n. frozen water idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.") illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale important - ad. having great meaning, value or power improve - v. to make better; to become better in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during incident - n. an event or something that happens incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent include - v. to have; to make a part of increase - v. to make more in size or amount independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate individual - n. one person industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to information - n. knowledge; facts inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action insane - ad. mentally sick insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools island - n. a land area with water all around it issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.") ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald job - n. the work that one does to earn money join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of joint - ad. shared by two or more joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.") ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- K kick - v. to hit with the foot kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.") late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space law - n. all or any rules made by a government lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid) learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law legislature - n. a government lawmaking group lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things listen - v. to try to hear literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed local - ad. about or having to do with one place lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man") long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something luck - n. something that happens by chance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office main - ad. the most important or largest major - ad. great in size, importance or amount majority - n. the greater number; more than half make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men man - n. an adult male human manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts many - ad. a large number or amount of map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony) mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.") mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it member - n. one of a group memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold method - n. the way something is done microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister," "foreign minister") minor - ad. small in size; of little importance minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target missing - ad. lost; not found mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work moderate - ad. not extreme modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions more - ad. greater in size or amount morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon most - ad. greatest in size or amount mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it mourn - v. to express or feel sadness move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal movie - n. a motion picture; a film much - ad. great in amount murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.") mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea near - ad. not far; close to necessary - prep. needed to get a result or effect; required need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution neither - ad. not one or the other of two neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute never - ad. at no time; not ever new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all noise - n. sound, especially when loud nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.") note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter nothing - n. not anything; no thing now - ad. at this time; immediately nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- O object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power often - ad. many times oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.") once - ad. one time only only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.") open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking oppose - v. to be against; to fight against opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.") our - ad. of or belonging to us oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world") overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received own - v. to have or possess for oneself ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface pan - n. a metal container used for cooking paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment parent - n. a father or mother parliament - n. a government lawmaking group part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people") percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time permit - v. to let; to make possible person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera piece - n. a part of something larger pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public population - n. all the people in a place, city or country port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen postpone - v. to delay action until a later time pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.") praise - v. to say good things about; to approve pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture profession - n. a job that requires special training professor - n. a teacher at a college or university profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal project - n. a planned effort to do something propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods propose - v. to present or offer for consideration protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged protest - v. to speak against; to object prove - v. to show to be true provide - v. to give something needed or wanted public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull put - v. to place; to set in position ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed quick - ad. fast quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm