VOA慢速英语单词手册（D－G）

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VOA Special English BASIC VOCABULARY D--G D damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year daughter - n. a person's female child day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight dead - ad. not living deaf - ad. not able to hear deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge declare - v. to say; to make a statement decrease - v. to make less in size or amount deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain degree - n. a measure of temperature delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request depend - v. to need help and support deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something desert - n. a dry area of land design - v. to plan or create plans for desire - v. to want very much; to wish for destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose dictator - n. a ruler with complete power die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end diet - n. usual daily food and drink different - ad. not the same difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out dig - v. to make a hole in the ground dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to dirt - n. earth or soil disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device discover - v. to find or learn something discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") dive - v. to jump into water head first divide - v. to separate into two or more parts do - v. to act; to make an effort doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth drive - v. to control a moving vehicle drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower drown - v. to die under water drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind dry - ad. not wet; without rain during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late earn - v. to be paid in return for work done earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult east - n. the direction from which the sun rises easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized edge - n. the line where something ends or begins education - n. the act of teaching effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby either - ad. one of two, but not the other elect - v. to choose by voting electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness employ - v. to give work in return for wages empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active enforce - v. to make something be done engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed enter - v. to come or go into environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") establish - v. to bring into existence; to create estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance ever - ad. at any time every - ad. each one; all evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing evil - ad. not good; extremely bad exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail examine - v. to study closely example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like excellent - ad. extremely good except - prep. but for exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action execute - v. to kill exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country exist - v. to be; to live expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale express - v. to say clearly extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F fact - n. something known or proved to be true factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal fair - ad. just; honest; what is right fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position false - ad. not true; not correct family - n. the group that includes children and their parents famous - ad. known very well to many people far - ad. at, to or from a great distance farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government feed - v. to give food to feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much few - ad. not many; a small number of field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie final - ad. at the end; last financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin finish - v. to complete; to end fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") first - ad. coming before all others fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") fix - v. to make good or right again flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization flat - ad. smooth; having no high places flee - v. to run away from float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") flow - v. to move like a liquid flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country forest - n. a place of many trees forget - v. to not remember forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") former - ad. earlier in time; not now forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost freedom - n. the condition of being free freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent friend - n. a person one likes and trusts frighten - v. to cause great fear from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part fruit - n. food from trees and plants fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- G game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of gift - n. something given without cost girl - n. a young female person give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad goods - n. things owned or made to be sold govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets